Examples:
Persian examples (Trevor Sullivan and Sandiway Fong)
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| Example | Instruction stream (clickable) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| (1a) Man mehmun davat kard-am I guest invitation do-1.sg I invited a guest |
[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[man,d],kard,'Tpast',c] | Assume an empty verbalizer 'V' merges with nominal 'davat'
(invitation) in morphology
space. In narrow syntax,
[V[V][N davat]] will be
treated as an atomic head.
Assume required 'kard' (do + PST) heads its own projection and is a 'v'. T's uPhi will be valued by the subject and surfaces as '-am' [1.sg]. |
| (1b) U mehmun davat kard-∅ He/she guest invitation do-3.sg He/she invited a guest |
[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[u,d],kard,'Tpast',c] | ∅ = zero affix for [3.sg]. |
| (1c) Anha mehmun davat kard-and They guest invitation do-3.pl They invited a guest |
[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[anha,d],kard,'Tpast',c] | |
| (2) Man mehmun davat mi-kon-am I guest invitation DUR-do-1.sg I invite a guest |
[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[man,d],kard,dur,'T',c] | DUR = durative. DUR spells out as the prefix 'mi-'.
'kard' (do) + PRES = 'kon'. |
| (3) Man dar khorshild-am mehmun davat mi-kon-am I to house-my guest invitation DUR-do-1.sg I invite a guest to my house |
[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],[khorshid,poss1sg,dar],'v*',[man,d],kard,dur,'T',c] | Pair-merge adjunct PP 'dar khorshid-am'. |
| (4) Man dar khorshild-am mehmun ro davat mi-kon-am I to house-my guest SPF invitation DUR-do-1.sg I invite a (specific) guest to my house |
[mehmun,d,ro,[davat,'V'],[khorshid,poss1sg,dar],spf,'v*',[man,d],kard,dur,'T',c] | Determiner "ro" indicates specificity.
Specific-marked objects must raise outside of vP. Head SPF hosts the final position of specific-marked objects in its edge. Pair-merge adjunct PP 'dar khorshid-am'. |