Minimalist Machine Derivations

Files: persian_grammar.pl / m12.pl / Back to homepage

Examples:

Persian examples (Trevor Sullivan and Sandiway Fong) collapse

Example	Instruction stream (clickable)	Notes
(1a) Man mehmun davat kard-am I guest invitation do-1.sg I invited a guest	[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[man,d],kard,'Tpast',c]	Assume an empty verbalizer 'V' merges with nominal 'davat' (invitation) in morphology space. In narrow syntax, [_V[_V][_N davat]] will be treated as an atomic head. Assume required 'kard' (do + PST) heads its own projection and is a 'v'. T's uPhi will be valued by the subject and surfaces as '-am' [1.sg].
(1b) U mehmun davat kard-∅ He/she guest invitation do-3.sg He/she invited a guest	[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[u,d],kard,'Tpast',c]	∅ = zero affix for [3.sg].
(1c) Anha mehmun davat kard-and They guest invitation do-3.pl They invited a guest	[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[anha,d],kard,'Tpast',c]
(2) Man mehmun davat mi-kon-am I guest invitation DUR-do-1.sg I invite a guest	[mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[man,d],kard,dur,'T',c]	DUR = durative. DUR spells out as the prefix 'mi-'. 'kard' (do) + PRES = 'kon'.

Parameter	Setting	Description
substream_stack	on	Allow transfer of substream stack back to mainstream
stack_update_larger	off	Replace updated subconstituent of stack element
pmerge_flag	off	Allow spellout of pair-merge in either order
inactive_push	on	Push nonhead of DC merge onto the stack inactive(_)
search	stk	Search SO or stack for unvalued uF to be released
drop_stack	off	Drop stack items that are two phase boundaries down
stack_access	local	Local or global access to elements of the stack
le	on	Local Extent boundary conditions, used to trigger stacking of unvalued uF SOs
subphrase_check	subsume_ss	Push element onto stack, first check if subconstituent is already there
c_stack_search	inactive	c stack search normal or can see into inactive wrapped elements
occ_new_flag	off	if already old, create new, otherwise keep old
stack_subc	off	if existing subconstituent found on stack, mark old and substitute new on stack
vprint	on	Print stack as vertical list
iprint	off	Print inactive(_) wrappers
occ_debug	off	use @ to indicate occ(V), V a variable

Machine Parameters: expand

Derivation:
(1a) Man mehmun davat kard-am
I guest invitation do-1.sg
I invited a guest

Stream:	[[mehmun!D],[d!case!N],[[davat!D],[V!N]],[v*!phi],[[man!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[]

Step 1.

Head of stream [mehmun!D] is the initial SO

Stream:	[[d!case!N],[[davat!D],[V!N]],[v*!phi],[[man!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[mehmun!D]

Step 2.

Merge [d!case!N] and [mehmun!D]

Label from [d!case!N] (syntactic head with an unvalued uF)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [mehmun!D]

[d!case!N] values D on [mehmun!D]

[mehmun] values N on [d!case!N]

Stream:	[[[davat!D],[V!N]],[v*!phi],[[man!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[d!case[d][mehmun]]

Step 3.

Begin substream

Stream:	[[davat!D],[V!N]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[]

Step 4.

Head of stream [davat!D] is the initial SO

Stream:	[[V!N]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[davat!D]

Step 5.

Merge [V!N] and [davat!D]

Label from [V!N] (syntactic head with an unvalued uF)

[V!N] values D on [davat!D]

[davat] values N on [V!N]

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[V[davat][V]]

End substream, SO [V[davat][V]] re-inserted into main stream

Step 6.

Stream:	[[V[davat][V]],[v*!phi],[[man!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[d!case[d][mehmun]]

Step 7.

Merge [V[davat][V]] and [d!case[d][mehmun]]

Label from [V[davat][V]] (syntactic head merging with a non-head)

Theta-mark [d!case[d][mehmun]]

Push [d!case[d][mehmun]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[[v*!phi],[[man!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):	[d!case[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[V[d!case[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]]

Step 8.

Merge [v*!phi] and [V[d!case[d..][mehmun..]][V[davat..][V..]]]

Label from [v*!phi] (syntactic head with an unvalued uF)

[d!case[d][mehmun]] values uPhi on [v*!phi]

[v*] values acc case on [d!case[d][mehmun]]

Stream:	[[[man!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):	[d[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[v[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v]]

Step 9.

Begin substream

Stream:	[[man!D],[d!case!N]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[]

Step 10.

Head of stream [man!D] is the initial SO

Stream:	[[d!case!N]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[man!D]

Step 11.

Merge [d!case!N] and [man!D]

Label from [d!case!N] (syntactic head with an unvalued uF)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[1,sg,mf])] from [man!D]

[d!case!N] values D on [man!D]

[man] values N on [d!case!N]

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[d!case[d][man]]

End substream, SO [d!case[d][man]] re-inserted into main stream

Step 12.

Stream:	[[d!case[d][man]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):	[d[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[v[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v]]

Step 13.

Merge [v*[V[d..][V..]][v*]] and [d!case[d][man]]

Label from [v*[V[d..][V..]][v*]] (edge feature)

Theta-mark [d!case[d][man]]

Push [d!case[d][man]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):	[d!case[d][man]] [d[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[v[d!case[d][man]][v[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]]

Step 14.

Merge [kard] and [v*[d!case[d..][man..]][v*[V..][v*..]]]

Label from [kard] (syntactic head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[Tpast!phi],[c]]
Stack (⥥):	[d!case[d][man]] [d[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[kard[v[d!case[d][man]][v[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]]

Step 15.

Merge [Tpast!phi] and [kard[v*[d..][v*..]][kard]]

Label from [Tpast!phi] (syntactic head merging with a non-head)

[d!case[d][man]] values uPhi on [Tpast!phi]

[Tpast] values nom case on [d!case[d][man]]

Stream:	[[c]]
Stack (⥥):	[d[d][man]] [d[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[Tpast[kard[v[d[d][man]][v[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]][Tpast]]

Step 16.

Internal merge selected

Merge [Tpast[kard[v*..][kard..]][Tpast]] and [d[d][man]]

Label from [Tpast[kard[v*..][kard..]][Tpast]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[[c]]
Stack (⥥):	[d[d][man]] [d[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[Tpast[d[d][man]][Tpast[kard[v[d[d][man]][v[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]][Tpast]]]

Step 17.

Merge [c] and [Tpast[d[d..][man..]][Tpast[kard..][Tpast..]]]

Label from [c] (syntactic head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	[d[d][man]] [d[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[c[c][Tpast[d[d][man]][Tpast[kard[v[d[d][man]][v[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]][Tpast]]]]

Step 18.

Local Extent boundary at [c[c][Tpast[d..][Tpast..]]]

New boundary (b) marker stacked

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	b [d[d][man]] [d[d][mehmun]]
SO:	[c[c][Tpast[d[d][man]][Tpast[kard[v[d[d][man]][v[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]][Tpast]]]]

Parse:

Spell-out:

man -acc mehmun davat kard t(past,[1,sg]) (after morpheme realization)

man mehmun -acc davat kard t(past,[1,sg]) (after affix-hop)

man mehmun -acc davat kard #am (after morpheme realization, stage 2)

man mehmun davat kard-am

One derivation found.

Computational Cost:

Merge: 10, Agree: 10, Unify: 0, Push: 2, Boundaries: 1, Inject: 0

Non-TOS access: 0, Pop: 0, Depth cost: 7

Step:	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Stack depth:	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	2	2	2	2	2	3