Minimalist Machine Derivations

Minimalist Machine Derivations

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Examples:

Examples from A New Approach to Tough-Constructions (Fong & Ginsburg, 2014).
Doubling Constituent (DC) approach. collapse

Example	Instruction stream (clickable)	Notes
(1) John is easy to please	[john, d, pro, please, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c]	Doubling Constituent (DC) pro-John. At the Local Extent (LE) boundary, the embedded CP, John (with unvalued uCase) is re-stacked. T picks up TOS John.
(2) The violin is easy to play the sonata on	[violin, the, pro, on, [sonata, the], play, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c]	DC pro-the-violin. At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the violin (with unvalued uCase) is re-stacked. Matrix T picks up TOS the violin.
(3) *What sonata is the violin easy to play on?	[violin, the, pro, on, [sonata, what:d], play, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c_Q]	Does not converge. DC pro-the-violin. what sonata is stacked (uScope). At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, what sonata (unvalued uScope) and the violin (unvalued uCase) are re-stacked. Matrix T fails to agree with TOS what sonata: nom Case clashes with acc Case assigned by embedded v*.
(4) The sonata is easy to play on this violin	[violin, this, on, [sonata, the, pro], play, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c]	DC pro-the-sonata. At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the sonata (unvalued uCase) is restacked. Matrix T picks up TOS the sonata.
(5) What violin is the sonata easy to play on?	[violin, what:d, on, [sonata, the, pro], play, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c_Q]	DC pro-the-sonata. what violin is stacked (uScope). At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the sonata (unvalued uCase) and what violin (unvalued uScope) are restacked. Matrix T picks up TOS the sonata. c_Q finds iWh what violin.
(6) Linguists are tough to please	[linguists, d, pro, please, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, tough, v_be, 'T', c]	(Same as (1).) DC pro-linguists. At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, linguists (with unvalued uCase) is re-stacked. T picks up TOS linguists.
(7) It is tough to please linguists	[linguists, d, please,'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, tough, v_be, it, 'T', c]	v* assigns Case to linguists. (No restacking is done at the LE boundary, the embedded CP.) Expletive it merge to the edge of v_be. Agree(matrix T,it) obtains.
(8) The book is easy to put on the table	[table, the, on, [book, the, pro], put, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, 'v_be', 'T', c]	(Same as (4).) DC pro-the-book. At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the book (unvalued uCase) is restacked. Matrix T picks up TOS the book.
(9) What table is the book easy to put on?	[table, what:d, on, [book, the, pro], put, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, 'v_be', 'T', c_Q]	(Same as (5).) what table is stacked (uScope). DC pro-the-book. At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the book (unvalued uCase) and what table (unvalued uScope) are restacked. Matrix T picks up TOS the book. c_Q finds iWh what table.

Machine Parameters: expand

Animation:
(5) What violin is the sonata easy to play on?

Derivation:
(5) What violin is the sonata easy to play on?

Stream:	[[violin!D],[what!case!N!scope],[on],[[sonata!D],[the!case!N],[pro!case]],[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[]

Step 1.

Head of stream [violin!D] is the initial SO

Stream:	[[what!case!N!scope],[on],[[sonata!D],[the!case!N],[pro!case]],[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[violin!D]

Step 2.

Merge [what!case!N!scope] and [violin!D]

Label from [what!case!N!scope] (head with an unvalued uF)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [violin!D]

[what!case!N!scope] values D on [violin!D]

[violin] values N on [what!case!N!scope]

Stream:	[[on],[[sonata!D],[the!case!N],[pro!case]],[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[what!case!scope[what!scope][violin]]

Step 3.

Merge [on] and [what!case!scope[what!scope][violin]]

Label from [on] (head merging with a non-head)

Theta-mark [what!case!scope[what!scope][violin]]

[on] values obq case on [what!case!scope[what!scope][violin]]

Push [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[[[sonata!D],[the!case!N],[pro!case]],[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]

Step 4.

Begin substream

Stream:	[[sonata!D],[the!case!N],[pro!case]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[]

Step 5.

Head of stream [sonata!D] is the initial SO

Stream:	[[the!case!N],[pro!case]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[sonata!D]

Step 6.

Merge [the!case!N] and [sonata!D]

Label from [the!case!N] (head with an unvalued uF)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [sonata!D]

[the!case!N] values D on [sonata!D]

[sonata] values N on [the!case!N]

Stream:	[[pro!case]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[the!case[the][sonata]]

Doubling Constitutent (DC) merge

Step 7.

Merge [pro!case] and [the!case[the][sonata]]

Label from [pro!case] (head merging with a non-head)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(theta),f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [the!case[the][sonata]]

Push [the!case[the][sonata]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	inactive([the!case[the][sonata]])
SO:	[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]

End substream, SO [pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] re-inserted into main stream

Substream stack [inactive([the!case[the][sonata]])] merged with main stack

Step 8.

Stream:	[[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]],[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]

Step 9.

Merge [on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]] and [pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]]

Label from [on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]] (edge feature)

Theta-mark [pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]]

Push [pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[on[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]

Step 10.

Merge [play] and [on[pro!case[pro..][the..]][on[on..][what..]]]

Label from [play] (head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[play[play][on[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]

Step 11.

Merge [v*!phi] and [play[play][on[pro..][on..]]]

Label from [v*!phi] (head merging with a non-head)

[pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]] values uPhi on [v*!phi]

[v*] values acc case on [pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]]

Stream:	[[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[v[v][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]

Step 12.

Begin substream

Stream:	[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[]

Step 13.

Head of stream [PRO!D] is the initial SO

Stream:	[[d0!case!N]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[PRO!D]

Step 14.

Merge [d0!case!N] and [PRO!D]

Label from [d0!case!N] (head with an unvalued uF)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [PRO!D]

[d0!case!N] values D on [PRO!D]

[PRO] values N on [d0!case!N]

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[d0!case[d0][PRO]]

End substream, SO [d0!case[d0][PRO]] re-inserted into main stream

Step 15.

Stream:	[[d0!case[d0][PRO]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[v[v][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]

Step 16.

Merge [v*[v*][play[play..][on..]]] and [d0!case[d0][PRO]]

Label from [v*[v*][play[play..][on..]]] (edge feature)

Theta-mark [d0!case[d0][PRO]]

Push [d0!case[d0][PRO]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[d0!case[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[v[d0!case[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]

Step 17.

Merge [Tinf!phi] and [v*[d0!case[d0..][PRO..]][v*[v*..][play..]]]

Label from [Tinf!phi] (head merging with a non-head)

[d0!case[d0][PRO]] values uPhi on [Tinf!phi]

[Tinf] values nullCase case on [d0[d0][PRO]]

Stream:	[[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]

Step 18.

Internal merge selected

Merge [Tinf[Tinf][v*[d0..][v*..]]] and [d0[d0][PRO]]

Label from [Tinf[Tinf][v*[d0..][v*..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]

Step 19.

Merge [c] and [Tinf[d0[d0..][PRO..]][Tinf[Tinf..][v*..]]]

Label from [c] (head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]
SO:	[c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]

Step 20.

Local Extent boundary at [c[c][Tinf[d0..][Tinf..]]]

Inactive stack element inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) found

Stack element [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] with unvalued uF found

New boundary (b) marker stacked

Restack [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] onto stack

Restack [the!case[the][sonata]] onto stack

Stream:	[[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the!case[the][sonata]] [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]

Step 21.

Merge [easy] and [c[c][Tinf[d0..][Tinf..]]]

Label from [easy] (head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the!case[the][sonata]] [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 22.

Merge [v_be] and [easy[easy][c[c..][Tinf..]]]

Label from [v_be] (head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the!case[the][sonata]] [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 23.

Internal merge selected

Merge [v_be[v_be][easy[easy..][c..]]] and [the!case[the][sonata]]

Label from [v_be[v_be][easy[easy..][c..]]] (edge feature)

Preference: [v_be] edge merge from the stack (not stream)

Stream:	[[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the!case[the][sonata]] [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[v_be[the!case[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 24.

Merge [T!phi!v] and [v_be[the!case[the..][sonata..]][v_be[v_be..][easy..]]]

Label from [T!phi!v] (head merging with a non-head)

[the!case[the][sonata]] values uPhi on [T!phi!v]

[T!v] values nom case on [the!case[the][sonata]]

Relativized TOS search for iF(v) skipping [the[the][sonata]]

Relativized TOS search for iF(v) skipping [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]

[T!v] attracts [v_be[the[the..][sonata..]][v_be[v_be..][easy..]]]

Merge [T[T][v_be[the..][v_be..]]] and [v_be]

Label from [T[T][v_be[the..][v_be..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 25.

Internal merge selected

Merge [T[v_be][T[T..][v_be..]]] and [the[the][sonata]]

Label from [T[v_be][T[T..][v_be..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 26.

Merge [c_Q!wh!T] and [T[the[the..][sonata..]][T[v_be..][T..]]]

Label from [c_Q!wh!T] (head merging with a non-head)

Relativized TOS search for iF(wh) skipping [the[the][sonata]]

[what!scope[what!scope][violin]] values wh on [c_Q!wh!T]

[the[the][sonata]] values T on [c_Q!T]

Internal merge selected

Merge [c_Q[c_Q][T[the..][T..]]] and [the[the][sonata]]

Label from [c_Q[c_Q][T[the..][T..]]] (edge feature)

[c_Q] values uscope on [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]

Merge [c_Q[the[the..][sonata..]][c_Q[c_Q..][T..]]] and [what[what][violin]]

Label from [c_Q[the[the..][sonata..]][c_Q[c_Q..][T..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [what[what][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c_Q[what[what][violin]][c_Q[the[the][sonata]][c_Q[c_Q][T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what[what][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 27.

Local Extent boundary at [c_Q[what[what..][violin..]][c_Q[the..][c_Q..]]]

New boundary (b) marker stacked

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	b [the[the][sonata]] [what[what][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c_Q[what[what][violin]][c_Q[the[the][sonata]][c_Q[c_Q][T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what[what][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Conceptual-Intensional (CI) Interface: [c_Q] + edge [[what[what][violin]],[the[the][sonata]]] constitutes an ill-formed interrogative!

Backtrack

Stream:	[[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [what!scope[what!scope][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

re-doing step 26

Step 28.

[c_Q!T] attracts [T[the[the..][sonata..]][T[v_be..][T..]]]

Internal merge selected

Merge [c_Q[c_Q][T[the..][T..]]] and [v_be]

Label from [c_Q[c_Q][T[the..][T..]]] (edge feature)

Merge [c_Q[v_be][c_Q[c_Q..][T..]]] and [T]

Label from [c_Q[v_be][c_Q[c_Q..][T..]]] (edge feature)

[c_Q] values uscope on [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]

Merge [c_Q[T][c_Q[v_be..][c_Q..]]] and [what[what][violin]]

Label from [c_Q[T][c_Q[v_be..][c_Q..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [what[what][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c_Q[what[what][violin]][c_Q[T][c_Q[v_be][c_Q[c_Q][T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what[what][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 29.

Local Extent boundary at [c_Q[what[what..][violin..]][c_Q[T..][c_Q..]]]

New boundary (b) marker stacked

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	b [the[the][sonata]] [what[what][violin]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c_Q[what[what][violin]][c_Q[T][c_Q[v_be][c_Q[c_Q][T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what[what][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

CI: wh-question

Parse:

Spell-out:

what violin -s be the sonata easy to play on (after morpheme realization)

what violin be -s the sonata easy to play on (after affix-hop)

what violin be -s the sonata easy to play on (after morpheme realization, stage 2)

what violin is the sonata easy to play on

Backtrack

Stream:	[[on],[[sonata!D],[the!case!N],[pro!case]],[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[what!case!scope[what!scope][violin]]

re-doing step 3

Step 30.

Push [on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[[[sonata!D],[the!case!N],[pro!case]],[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]

Step 31.

Begin substream

Stream:	[[sonata!D],[the!case!N],[pro!case]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[]

Step 32.

Head of stream [sonata!D] is the initial SO

Stream:	[[the!case!N],[pro!case]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[sonata!D]

Step 33.

Merge [the!case!N] and [sonata!D]

Label from [the!case!N] (head with an unvalued uF)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [sonata!D]

[the!case!N] values D on [sonata!D]

[sonata] values N on [the!case!N]

Stream:	[[pro!case]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[the!case[the][sonata]]

Doubling Constitutent (DC) merge

Step 34.

Merge [pro!case] and [the!case[the][sonata]]

Label from [pro!case] (head merging with a non-head)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(theta),f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [the!case[the][sonata]]

Push [the!case[the][sonata]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	inactive([the!case[the][sonata]])
SO:	[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]

End substream, SO [pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] re-inserted into main stream

Substream stack [inactive([the!case[the][sonata]])] merged with main stack

Step 35.

Stream:	[[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]],[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]

Step 36.

Merge [on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]] and [pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]]

Label from [on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]] (edge feature)

Theta-mark [pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]]

Push [pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[[play],[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[on[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]

Step 37.

Merge [play] and [on[pro!case[pro..][the..]][on[on..][what..]]]

Label from [play] (head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[v*!phi],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[play[play][on[pro!case[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]

Step 38.

Merge [v*!phi] and [play[play][on[pro..][on..]]]

Label from [v*!phi] (head merging with a non-head)

[pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]] values uPhi on [v*!phi]

[v*] values acc case on [pro!case[pro][the!case[the..][sonata..]]]

Stream:	[[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[v[v][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]

Step 39.

Begin substream

Stream:	[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[]

Step 40.

Head of stream [PRO!D] is the initial SO

Stream:	[[d0!case!N]]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[PRO!D]

Step 41.

Merge [d0!case!N] and [PRO!D]

Label from [d0!case!N] (head with an unvalued uF)

Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [PRO!D]

[d0!case!N] values D on [PRO!D]

[PRO] values N on [d0!case!N]

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):
SO:	[d0!case[d0][PRO]]

End substream, SO [d0!case[d0][PRO]] re-inserted into main stream

Step 42.

Stream:	[[d0!case[d0][PRO]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[v[v][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]

Step 43.

Merge [v*[v*][play[play..][on..]]] and [d0!case[d0][PRO]]

Label from [v*[v*][play[play..][on..]]] (edge feature)

Theta-mark [d0!case[d0][PRO]]

Push [d0!case[d0][PRO]] (unvalued uF) onto stack

Stream:	[[Tinf!phi],[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[d0!case[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[v[d0!case[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]

Step 44.

Merge [Tinf!phi] and [v*[d0!case[d0..][PRO..]][v*[v*..][play..]]]

Label from [Tinf!phi] (head merging with a non-head)

[d0!case[d0][PRO]] values uPhi on [Tinf!phi]

[Tinf] values nullCase case on [d0[d0][PRO]]

Stream:	[[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]

Step 45.

Internal merge selected

Merge [Tinf[Tinf][v*[d0..][v*..]]] and [d0[d0][PRO]]

Label from [Tinf[Tinf][v*[d0..][v*..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[[c],[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]

Step 46.

Merge [c] and [Tinf[d0[d0..][PRO..]][Tinf[Tinf..][v*..]]]

Label from [c] (head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]] inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]
SO:	[c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]

Step 47.

Local Extent boundary at [c[c][Tinf[d0..][Tinf..]]]

Inactive stack element inactive([the!case[the][sonata]]) found

Stack element [on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]] with unvalued uF found

New boundary (b) marker stacked

Restack [on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]] onto stack

Restack [the!case[the][sonata]] onto stack

Stream:	[[easy],[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the!case[the][sonata]] [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]

Step 48.

Merge [easy] and [c[c][Tinf[d0..][Tinf..]]]

Label from [easy] (head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[v_be],[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the!case[the][sonata]] [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 49.

Merge [v_be] and [easy[easy][c[c..][Tinf..]]]

Label from [v_be] (head merging with a non-head)

Stream:	[[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the!case[the][sonata]] [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 50.

Internal merge selected

Merge [v_be[v_be][easy[easy..][c..]]] and [the!case[the][sonata]]

Label from [v_be[v_be][easy[easy..][c..]]] (edge feature)

Preference: [v_be] edge merge from the stack (not stream)

Stream:	[[T!phi!v],[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the!case[the][sonata]] [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the!case[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[v_be[the!case[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 51.

Merge [T!phi!v] and [v_be[the!case[the..][sonata..]][v_be[v_be..][easy..]]]

Label from [T!phi!v] (head merging with a non-head)

[the!case[the][sonata]] values uPhi on [T!phi!v]

[T!v] values nom case on [the!case[the][sonata]]

Relativized TOS search for iF(v) skipping [the[the][sonata]]

Relativized TOS search for iF(v) skipping [on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]]

[T!v] attracts [v_be[the[the..][sonata..]][v_be[v_be..][easy..]]]

Merge [T[T][v_be[the..][v_be..]]] and [v_be]

Label from [T[T][v_be[the..][v_be..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 52.

Internal merge selected

Merge [T[v_be][T[T..][v_be..]]] and [the[the][sonata]]

Label from [T[v_be][T[T..][v_be..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 53.

Merge [c_Q!wh!T] and [T[the[the..][sonata..]][T[v_be..][T..]]]

Label from [c_Q!wh!T] (head merging with a non-head)

Relativized TOS search for iF(wh) skipping [the[the][sonata]]

[on[on][what!scope[what..][violin..]]] values wh on [c_Q!wh!T]

[the[the][sonata]] values T on [c_Q!T]

Internal merge selected

Merge [c_Q[c_Q][T[the..][T..]]] and [the[the][sonata]]

Label from [c_Q[c_Q][T[the..][T..]]] (edge feature)

[c_Q] values uscope on [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]

Merge [c_Q[the[the..][sonata..]][c_Q[c_Q..][T..]]] and [on[on][what[what..][violin..]]]

Label from [c_Q[the[the..][sonata..]][c_Q[c_Q..][T..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [on[on][what[what][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c_Q[on[on][what[what][violin]]][c_Q[the[the][sonata]][c_Q[c_Q][T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what[what][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 54.

Local Extent boundary at [c_Q[on[on..][what..]][c_Q[the..][c_Q..]]]

New boundary (b) marker stacked

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	b [the[the][sonata]] [on[on][what[what][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c_Q[on[on][what[what][violin]]][c_Q[the[the][sonata]][c_Q[c_Q][T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what[what][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Conceptual-Intensional (CI) Interface: [c_Q] + edge [[on[on][what[what][violin]]],[the[the][sonata]]] constitutes an ill-formed interrogative!

Backtrack

Stream:	[[c_Q!wh!T]]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what!scope[what!scope][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

re-doing step 53

Step 55.

[c_Q!T] attracts [T[the[the..][sonata..]][T[v_be..][T..]]]

Internal merge selected

Merge [c_Q[c_Q][T[the..][T..]]] and [v_be]

Label from [c_Q[c_Q][T[the..][T..]]] (edge feature)

Merge [c_Q[v_be][c_Q[c_Q..][T..]]] and [T]

Label from [c_Q[v_be][c_Q[c_Q..][T..]]] (edge feature)

[c_Q] values uscope on [what!scope[what!scope][violin]]

Merge [c_Q[T][c_Q[v_be..][c_Q..]]] and [on[on][what[what..][violin..]]]

Label from [c_Q[T][c_Q[v_be..][c_Q..]]] (edge feature)

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	[the[the][sonata]] [on[on][what[what][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c_Q[on[on][what[what][violin]]][c_Q[T][c_Q[v_be][c_Q[c_Q][T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what[what][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Step 56.

Local Extent boundary at [c_Q[on[on..][what..]][c_Q[T..][c_Q..]]]

New boundary (b) marker stacked

Stream:	[]
Stack (⥥):	b [the[the][sonata]] [on[on][what[what][violin]]] b [d0[d0][PRO]] [pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]]
SO:	[c_Q[on[on][what[what][violin]]][c_Q[T][c_Q[v_be][c_Q[c_Q][T[the[the][sonata]][T[v_be][T[T][v_be[the[the][sonata]][v_be[v_be][easy[easy][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][v[d0[d0][PRO]][v[v*][play[play][on[pro[pro][the[the][sonata]]][on[on][what[what][violin]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

CI: wh-question

Parse:

Spell-out:

on what violin -s be the sonata easy to play (after morpheme realization)

on what violin be -s the sonata easy to play (after affix-hop)

on what violin be -s the sonata easy to play (after morpheme realization, stage 2)

on what violin is the sonata easy to play

2 derivations found.

Computational Cost:

Merge: 46, Agree: 31, Unify: 0, Push: 8, Boundaries: 6, Inject: 4

Non-TOS access: 6, Pop: 0, Depth cost: 126

Step:	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56
Stack depth:	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	2	3	3	3	0	0	0	3	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	5	6	1	0	0	0	1	2	3	3	3	0	0	0	3	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	5	6