Minimalist Machine Derivations

Files: grammar.pl / m12.pl / Back to homepage

Examples:

  • Tough-Constructions. A Case-theoretic approach. collapse
    Example Instruction stream (clickable) Notes
    (1) John is easy to please [john, d, please, 'v_unerg', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c] John (with unvalued uCase) is stacked after merge with please.
    vunerg doesn't assign Case to John.
    Tinf assigns null Case to PRO.
    At the Local Extent (LE) boundary, the embedded CP, John (with unvalued uCase) is re-stacked.
    T picks up TOS John.
    (2) The violin is easy to play the sonata on [violin, the, on_nc, [sonata, the], play, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c] onnc (no case) selects for the violin but does not assign it Case.
    At the Local Extent (LE) boundary, the embedded CP, the violin (with unvalued uCase) is re-stacked.
    Matrix T picks up TOS the violin.
    (3) *What sonata is the violin easy to play on? [violin, the, on_nc, [sonata, what:d], play, 'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c_Q] Does not converge.
    onnc (no case) selects for the violin but does not assign it Case.
    what sonata is stacked (uScope).
    At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, what sonata (unvalued uScope) and the violin (unvalued uCase) are re-stacked.
    Matrix T fails to agree with TOS what sonata: nom Case clashes with acc Case assigned by embedded v*.
    (4) The sonata is easy to play on this violin [violin, this, on, [sonata, the], play, 'v_unerg', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c] on assigns Case to this violin.
    vunerg doesn't assign Case to the sonata.
    At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the sonata (unvalued uCase) is restacked.
    Matrix T picks up TOS the sonata.
    (5) What violin is the sonata easy to play on? [violin, what:d, on, [sonata, the], play, v_unerg, ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, v_be, 'T', c_Q] on assigns Case to this violin.
    vunerg doesn't assign Case to the sonata.
    At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the sonata (unvalued uCase) and what violin (unvalued uScope) are restacked.
    Matrix T picks up TOS the sonata.
    cQ finds iWh what violin.
    (6) Linguists are tough to please [linguists, d, please, v_unerg, ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, tough, v_be, 'T', c] (Same as (1).)
    Linguists (with unvalued uCase) is stacked after merge with please.
    vunerg doesn't assign Case to linguists.
    Tinf assigns null Case to PRO.
    At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, linguists (with unvalued uCase) is re-stacked.
    T picks up TOS linguists.
    (7) It is tough to please linguists [linguists, d, please,'v*', ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, tough, v_be, it, 'T', c] v* assigns Case to linguists.
    (No restacking is done at the LE boundary, the embedded CP.)
    Expletive it merge to the edge of vbe.
    Agree(matrix T,it) obtains.
    (8) The book is easy to put on the table [table, the, on, [book, the], put, v_unerg, ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, 'v_be', 'T', c] (Same as (4).)
    on assigns Case to the table.
    vunerg doesn't assign Case to the book.
    At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the book (unvalued uCase) is restacked.
    Matrix T picks up TOS the book.
    (9) What table is the book easy to put on? [table, what:d, on, [book, the], put, v_unerg, ['PRO', d0], 'Tinf', c, easy, 'v_be', 'T', c_Q] (Same as (5).)
    on assigns Case to what table.
    vunerg doesn't assign Case to the book.
    At the LE boundary, the embedded CP, the book (unvalued uCase) and what table (unvalued uScope) are restacked.
    Matrix T picks up TOS the book.
    cQ finds iWh what table.
    • Machine Parameters: expand

    Animation:
    (6) Linguists are tough to please

    Derivation:
    (6) Linguists are tough to please

    Stream:[[linguists!D],[d!case!N],[please],[vunerg],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[]

    Step 1.

    Head of stream [linguists!D] is the initial SO
    Stream:[[d!case!N],[please],[vunerg],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[linguists!D]

    Step 2.

    Merge [d!case!N] and [linguists!D]
    Label from [d!case!N] (head with an unvalued uF)
    Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,pl,n])] from [linguists!D]
    [d!case!N] values D on [linguists!D]
    [linguists] values N on [d!case!N]
    Stream:[[please],[vunerg],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[d!case[d][linguists]]

    Step 3.

    Merge [please] and [d!case[d][linguists]]
    Label from [please] (head merging with a non-head)
    Theta-mark [d!case[d][linguists]]
    Push [d!case[d][linguists]] (unvalued uF) onto stack
    Stream:[[vunerg],[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][linguists]]
    SO:[please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]

    Step 4.

    Merge [vunerg] and [please[please][d!case[d..][linguists..]]]
    Label from [vunerg] (head merging with a non-head)
    Stream:[[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][linguists]]
    SO:[vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]

    Step 5.

    Begin substream
    Stream:[[PRO!D],[d0!case!N]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[]

    Step 6.

    Head of stream [PRO!D] is the initial SO
    Stream:[[d0!case!N]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[PRO!D]

    Step 7.

    Merge [d0!case!N] and [PRO!D]
    Label from [d0!case!N] (head with an unvalued uF)
    Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [PRO!D]
    [d0!case!N] values D on [PRO!D]
    [PRO] values N on [d0!case!N]
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[d0!case[d0][PRO]]
    End substream, SO [d0!case[d0][PRO]] re-inserted into main stream

    Step 8.

    Stream:[[d0!case[d0][PRO]],[Tinf!phi],[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][linguists]]
    SO:[vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]

    Step 9.

    Merge [vunerg[vunerg][please[please..][d..]]] and [d0!case[d0][PRO]]
    Label from [vunerg[vunerg][please[please..][d..]]] (edge feature)
    Theta-mark [d0!case[d0][PRO]]
    Push [d0!case[d0][PRO]] (unvalued uF) onto stack
    Stream:[[Tinf!phi],[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d0!case[d0][PRO]]
    [d!case[d][linguists]]
    SO:[vunerg[d0!case[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]]

    Step 10.

    Merge [Tinf!phi] and [vunerg[d0!case[d0..][PRO..]][vunerg[vunerg..][please..]]]
    Label from [Tinf!phi] (head merging with a non-head)
    [d0!case[d0][PRO]] values uPhi on [Tinf!phi]
    [Tinf] values nullCase case on [d0[d0][PRO]]
    Stream:[[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d0[d0][PRO]]
    [d!case[d][linguists]]
    SO:[Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]]]

    Step 11.

    Internal merge selected
    Merge [Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0..][vunerg..]]] and [d0[d0][PRO]]
    Label from [Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0..][vunerg..]]] (edge feature)
    Stream:[[c],[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d0[d0][PRO]]
    [d!case[d][linguists]]
    SO:[Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]]]]

    Step 12.

    Merge [c] and [Tinf[d0[d0..][PRO..]][Tinf[Tinf..][vunerg..]]]
    Label from [c] (head merging with a non-head)
    Stream:[[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d0[d0][PRO]]
    [d!case[d][linguists]]
    SO:[c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]]]]]

    Step 13.

    Local Extent boundary at [c[c][Tinf[d0..][Tinf..]]]
    Stack element [d!case[d][linguists]] with unvalued uF found
    New boundary (b) marker stacked
    Restack [d!case[d][linguists]] onto stack
    Stream:[[tough],[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][linguists]]
    b
    [d0[d0][PRO]]
    SO:[c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]]]]]

    Step 14.

    Merge [tough] and [c[c][Tinf[d0..][Tinf..]]]
    Label from [tough] (head merging with a non-head)
    Stream:[[vbe],[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][linguists]]
    b
    [d0[d0][PRO]]
    SO:[tough[tough][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]]]]]]

    Step 15.

    Merge [vbe] and [tough[tough][c[c..][Tinf..]]]
    Label from [vbe] (head merging with a non-head)
    Stream:[[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][linguists]]
    b
    [d0[d0][PRO]]
    SO:[vbe[vbe][tough[tough][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d!case[d][linguists]]]]]]]]]]

    Step 16.

    Internal merge selected
    Merge [vbe[vbe][tough[tough..][c..]]] and [d!case[d][linguists]]
    Label from [vbe[vbe][tough[tough..][c..]]] (edge feature)
    Preference: [vbe] edge merge from the stack (not stream)
    Stream:[[T!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][linguists]]
    b
    [d0[d0][PRO]]
    SO:[vbe[d!case[d][linguists]][vbe[vbe][tough[tough][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d[d][linguists]]]]]]]]]]]

    Step 17.

    Merge [T!phi] and [vbe[d!case[d..][linguists..]][vbe[vbe..][tough..]]]
    Label from [T!phi] (head merging with a non-head)
    [d!case[d][linguists]] values uPhi on [T!phi]
    [T] values nom case on [d!case[d][linguists]]
    Stream:[[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d[d][linguists]]
    b
    [d0[d0][PRO]]
    SO:[T[T][vbe[d[d][linguists]][vbe[vbe][tough[tough][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d[d][linguists]]]]]]]]]]]]

    Step 18.

    Internal merge selected
    Merge [T[T][vbe[d..][vbe..]]] and [d[d][linguists]]
    Label from [T[T][vbe[d..][vbe..]]] (edge feature)
    Stream:[[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d[d][linguists]]
    b
    [d0[d0][PRO]]
    SO:[T[d[d][linguists]][T[T][vbe[d[d][linguists]][vbe[vbe][tough[tough][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d[d][linguists]]]]]]]]]]]]]

    Step 19.

    Merge [c] and [T[d[d..][linguists..]][T[T..][vbe..]]]
    Label from [c] (head merging with a non-head)
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):[d[d][linguists]]
    b
    [d0[d0][PRO]]
    SO:[c[c][T[d[d][linguists]][T[T][vbe[d[d][linguists]][vbe[vbe][tough[tough][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d[d][linguists]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

    Step 20.

    Local Extent boundary at [c[c][T[d..][T..]]]
    New boundary (b) marker stacked
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):b
    [d[d][linguists]]
    b
    [d0[d0][PRO]]
    SO:[c[c][T[d[d][linguists]][T[T][vbe[d[d][linguists]][vbe[vbe][tough[tough][c[c][Tinf[d0[d0][PRO]][Tinf[Tinf][vunerg[d0[d0][PRO]][vunerg[vunerg][please[please][d[d][linguists]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

    Parse:
    Spell-out:
    linguists -re be tough to please (after morpheme realization)
    linguists be -re tough to please (after affix-hop)
    linguists be -re tough to please (after morpheme realization, stage 2)
    linguists are tough to please  

    One derivation found.
    Computational Cost:
    Merge: 14, Agree: 8, Unify: 0, Push: 2, Boundaries: 2, Inject: 1
    Non-TOS access: 0, Pop: 0, Depth cost: 21
    Step:01234567891011121314151617181920
    Stack depth:000110001222233333334

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