Minimalist Machine Derivations

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Examples:

  • T-to-C Movement: Causes and Consequences. Pesetsky & Torrego (2001). collapse
    Example Instruction stream (clickable) Notes
    (5a) What did Mary buy?
    (5b) *What Mary bought?    		 [what:n, q, buy, 'v*', [mary, d], 'Tpast', c_Q] (5a) T to matrix C => do-support.
    (5b) Mary to edge C blocked (FI: exclamatory).
    (5c) *Who did buy the book?
    (5d) Who bought the book?    		 [book, the, buy, 'v*', [who, q], 'Tpast', c_Q] No do-support triggered.
    (5c) ruled out by economy.
    (23) What will Mary buy? [what:n, q, buy, 'v*', [mary, d], will, 'T', c_Q] Auxilary will raises to edge of C.
    (24) What did John say that Mary will buy? [what:n, q, buy, 'v*', [mary, d], will, 'T', c_eQ, say, v_unerg, [john, d], 'Tpast', c_Q] Two derivations: (24) T to C realized as that.
    Or that can be omitted. c_eQ hosts wh-movement only.
    (28a) Who did John say will buy the book?
    (28b) *Who did John say that will buy the book?    		 [book, the, buy, 'v*', [who, q], will, 'T', c_eQ, say, v_unerg, [john, d], 'Tpast', c_Q] That-trace effect.
    (28b) ruled out by economy.
    (31) Mary thinks that Sue will buy the book
    (33) Mary thinks Sue will buy the book    		 [book, the, buy, 'v*', [sue, d], will, 'T', c_e, think, v_unerg, [mary, d], 'T', c] Two derivations: (31) T to embedded C (c_e) realized as that. (33) c_e attracts subject Sue
    (43a) *What a silly book did Mary buy!
    (43b) What a silly book Mary bought!    		 [book, silly, a, what:d, q, buy, 'v*', [mary, d], 'Tpast', c_Q] (43a) T to C blocked by CI: exclamative.
    (43b) Mary in edge of C.
    (47a) Bill asked what Mary bought
    (47b) *Bill asked what did Mary buy
    (47c) *Bill asked what that Mary bought    		 [what:n, q, buy, 'v*', [mary, d], 'Tpast', c_Qe, ask, v_unerg, [bill, d], 'Tpast', c] Interrogative embedded C does not support T displacement.
    Note: same parse derived twice.
    Extra test cases
    Who was John meeting? [who, q, meet, 'v*', [john, d], prog, 'v~', 'Tpast', c_Q] Object wh-movement. Auxiliary be pied-piping.
    Who was meeting John? [john, d, meet, 'v*', [who, q], prog, 'v~', 'Tpast', c_Q] Subject wh-movement. Auxiliary be pied-piping.
    *Who do you think that saw John?
    Who do you think saw John?    		 [john, d, see, 'v*', [who, q], 'Tpast', c_eQ, think, 'v_unerg', [you, d], 'T', c_Q] That-trace effect.
    Economy: no T to C.
    Who do you think that John saw?
    Who do you think John saw?    		 [who, q, see, 'v*', [john, d], 'Tpast', c_eQ, think, 'v_unerg', [you, d], 'T', c_Q] Two derivations.
    No that-trace effect with object.
    • Machine Parameters: expand

    Animation:
    (5c) *Who did buy the book?
    (5d) Who bought the book?

    Derivation:
    (5c) *Who did buy the book?
    (5d) Who bought the book?

    Stream:[[book!D],[the!case!N],[buy],[v*!phi],[[who!D],[q!case!N!scope]],[Tpast!phi!v],[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[]

    Step 1.

    Head of stream [book!D] is the initial SO
    Stream:[[the!case!N],[buy],[v*!phi],[[who!D],[q!case!N!scope]],[Tpast!phi!v],[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[book!D]

    Step 2.

    Merge [the!case!N] and [book!D]
    Label from [the!case!N] (head with an unvalued uF)
    Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [book!D]
    [the!case!N] values D on [book!D]
    [book] values N on [the!case!N]
    Stream:[[buy],[v*!phi],[[who!D],[q!case!N!scope]],[Tpast!phi!v],[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[the!case[the][book]]

    Step 3.

    Merge [buy] and [the!case[the][book]]
    Label from [buy] (head merging with a non-head)
    Theta-mark [the!case[the][book]]
    Push [the!case[the][book]] (unvalued uF) onto stack
    Stream:[[v*!phi],[[who!D],[q!case!N!scope]],[Tpast!phi!v],[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):[the!case[the][book]]
    SO:[buy[buy][the!case[the][book]]]

    Step 4.

    Merge [v*!phi] and [buy[buy][the!case[the..][book..]]]
    Label from [v*!phi] (head merging with a non-head)
    [the!case[the][book]] values uPhi on [v*!phi]
    [v*] values acc case on [the!case[the][book]]
    Stream:[[[who!D],[q!case!N!scope]],[Tpast!phi!v],[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):[the[the][book]]
    SO:[v*[v*][buy[buy][the[the][book]]]]

    Step 5.

    Begin substream
    Stream:[[who!D],[q!case!N!scope]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[]

    Step 6.

    Head of stream [who!D] is the initial SO
    Stream:[[q!case!N!scope]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[who!D]

    Step 7.

    Merge [q!case!N!scope] and [who!D]
    Label from [q!case!N!scope] (head with an unvalued uF)
    Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [who!D]
    [q!case!N!scope] values D on [who!D]
    [who] values N on [q!case!N!scope]
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[q!case!scope[q!scope][who]]
    End substream, SO [q!case!scope[q!scope][who]] re-inserted into main stream

    Step 8.

    Stream:[[q!case!scope[q!scope][who]],[Tpast!phi!v],[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):[the[the][book]]
    SO:[v*[v*][buy[buy][the[the][book]]]]

    Step 9.

    Merge [v*[v*][buy[buy..][the..]]] and [q!case!scope[q!scope][who]]
    Label from [v*[v*][buy[buy..][the..]]] (edge feature)
    Theta-mark [q!case!scope[q!scope][who]]
    Push [q!case!scope[q!scope][who]] (unvalued uF) onto stack
    Stream:[[Tpast!phi!v],[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):[q!case!scope[q!scope][who]]
    [the[the][book]]
    SO:[v*[q!case!scope[q!scope][who]][v*[v*][buy[buy][the[the][book]]]]]

    Step 10.

    Merge [Tpast!phi!v] and [v*[q!case!scope[q..][who..]][v*[v*..][buy..]]]
    Label from [Tpast!phi!v] (head merging with a non-head)
    [q!case!scope[q!scope][who]] values uPhi on [Tpast!phi!v]
    [Tpast!v] values nom case on [q!case!scope[q!scope][who]]
    Relativized TOS search for iF(v) skipping [q!scope[q!scope][who]]
    Relativized TOS search for iF(v) skipping [the[the][book]]
    [Tpast!v] attracts [v*[q!scope[q..][who..]][v*[v*..][buy..]]]
    Merge [Tpast[Tpast][v*[q..][v*..]]] and [v*]
    Label from [Tpast[Tpast][v*[q..][v*..]]] (edge feature)
    Stream:[[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):[q!scope[q!scope][who]]
    [the[the][book]]
    SO:[Tpast[v*][Tpast[Tpast][v*[q!scope[q!scope][who]][v*[v*][buy[buy][the[the][book]]]]]]]

    Step 11.

    Internal merge selected
    Merge [Tpast[v*][Tpast[Tpast..][v*..]]] and [q!scope[q!scope][who]]
    Label from [Tpast[v*][Tpast[Tpast..][v*..]]] (edge feature)
    Stream:[[cQ!wh!T]]
    Stack (⥥):[q!scope[q!scope][who]]
    [the[the][book]]
    SO:[Tpast[q!scope[q!scope][who]][Tpast[v*][Tpast[Tpast][v*[q!scope[q!scope][who]][v*[v*][buy[buy][the[the][book]]]]]]]]

    Step 12.

    Merge [cQ!wh!T] and [Tpast[q!scope[q..][who..]][Tpast[v*..][Tpast..]]]
    Label from [cQ!wh!T] (head merging with a non-head)
    [q!scope[q!scope][who]] values wh on [cQ!wh!T]
    [q!scope[q!scope][who]] values T on [cQ!T] (economy)
    Internal merge selected
    [cQ] values uscope on [q!scope[q!scope][who]]
    Merge [cQ[cQ][Tpast[q..][Tpast..]]] and [q[q][who]]
    Label from [cQ[cQ][Tpast[q..][Tpast..]]] (edge feature)
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):[q[q][who]]
    [the[the][book]]
    SO:[cQ[q[q][who]][cQ[cQ][Tpast[q[q][who]][Tpast[v*][Tpast[Tpast][v*[q[q][who]][v*[v*][buy[buy][the[the][book]]]]]]]]]]

    Step 13.

    Local Extent boundary at [cQ[q[q..][who..]][cQ[cQ..][Tpast..]]]
    New boundary (b) marker stacked
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):b
    [q[q][who]]
    [the[the][book]]
    SO:[cQ[q[q][who]][cQ[cQ][Tpast[q[q][who]][Tpast[v*][Tpast[Tpast][v*[q[q][who]][v*[v*][buy[buy][the[the][book]]]]]]]]]]
    CI: wh-question

    Parse:
    Spell-out:
    who -ed(sg) buy the book (after morpheme realization)
    who buy -ed(sg) the book (after affix-hop)
    who buy -ed(sg) the book (after morpheme realization, stage 2)
    who bought the book  

    One derivation found.
    Computational Cost:
    Merge: 10, Agree: 11, Unify: 0, Push: 2, Boundaries: 1, Inject: 0
    Non-TOS access: 2, Pop: 0, Depth cost: 6
    Step:012345678910111213
    Stack depth:00011000122223

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