code$ swipl -s code_English.prolog

% Janus 1.5.2 embeds Python 3.13.13 (main, Apr 8 2026, 18:23:14) [Clang 21.0.0 (clang-2100.0.123.102)]

Manual & tutorial: https://sandiway.arizona.edu Sandiway Fong (2024-2026)

Run: ?- parse(List,SO,L). (; for more answers)

List = [..words] (input), SO,L = syntactic object, [..] spellout (output)

See derivation: ?- report. ?- graph. (<- after parse/3) ?- summary. (short)

for a long report ?- retract(no_fill).

LEX expansion: ⒜ WordNet: ?- useMorphy. (noMorphy)

assert/retract/?- : use_morphy(C), for C={v,n,a,r}. ⒝ edit lex.prolog

⒞ ?- addNoun(Word) (addTr/addUrg/addUnacc/addAdj/addPrep).

Welcome to SWI-Prolog (threaded, 64 bits, version 10.0.2)

SWI-Prolog comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software.

Please run ?- license. for legal details.

For online help and background, visit https://www.swi-prolog.org

For built-in help, use ?- help(Topic). or ?- apropos(Word).

% Interactive session; added `.` to Python `sys.path`

101 ?- assert(vR(be, v:be:θ, θ)).

true.

102 ?- assert(vR(fly, v:fly:θ, θ)).

true.

103 ?- parse([they,are,flying,planes],S,L).

Words: they are flying planes

Initial WS: planes fly_ø:presp v_fly:θ v_v:prog:pres INFL_v:pl they

INT/EXT: {C, {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {{planes, they}, {v_fly:θ, fly_ø:presp}}}}}

EXT: {planes,[and],they} 3pl pres be ing fly

Spellout: {planes,[and],they} are flying

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

EXT: there 3pl pres be ing {planes,[and],they} fly

Error: Morpheme "ing" unattached!

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

INT/EXT: {C_Q_aux(pl,pres,be), {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {{planes, they}, {v_fly:θ, fly_ø:presp}}}}}

EXT: pl pres be →→ {planes,[and],they} 3pl pres be ing fly

Spellout: 3pl pres be {planes,[and],they} ing fly

Spellout: are {planes,[and],they} flying

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

EXT: pl pres be →→ there 3pl pres be ing {planes,[and],they} fly

Spellout: 3pl pres be there ing {planes,[and],they} fly

Error: Morpheme "ing" unattached!

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

Initial WS: planes fly_θ:presp v_fly:θ v_v:prog:pres INFL_v:pl they

INT/EXT: {C, {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {they, {v_fly:θ, {fly_θ:presp, planes}}}}}}

EXT: they 3pl pres be ing fly planes

Spellout: they are flying planes

Parse found!

S = {C, {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {they, {v_fly:θ, {fly_θ:presp, planes}}}}}},

L = [they,are,flying,planes] ;

EXT: there 3pl pres be ing they fly planes

Error: Morpheme "ing" unattached!

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

INT/EXT: {C_Q_aux(pl,pres,be), {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {they, {v_fly:θ, {fly_θ:presp, planes}}}}}}

EXT: pl pres be →→ they 3pl pres be ing fly planes

Spellout: 3pl pres be they ing fly planes

Spellout: are they flying planes

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

EXT: pl pres be →→ there 3pl pres be ing they fly planes

Spellout: 3pl pres be there ing they fly planes

Error: Morpheme "ing" unattached!

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

INT/EXT: {C, {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {planes, {v_fly:θ, {fly_θ:presp, they}}}}}}

Error: Case: object "they" not ACC

INT/EXT: {C_Q_aux(pl,pres,be), {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {planes, {v_fly:θ, {fly_θ:presp, they}}}}}}

Error: Case: object "they" not ACC

INT/EXT: {C, {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {{planes, they}, {v_fly:θ, {fly_θ:presp, {planes, they}}}}}}}

EXT: {planes,[and],they} 3pl pres be ing fly {planes,[and],they}

Blocked: EXT inconsistent!

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

EXT: there 3pl pres be ing {planes,[and],they} fly {planes,[and],they}

Error: Morpheme "ing" unattached!

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

INT/EXT: {C_Q_aux(pl,pres,be), {INFL_v:pl, {v_v:prog:pres, {{planes, they}, {v_fly:θ, {fly_θ:presp, {planes, they}}}}}}}

EXT: pl pres be →→ {planes,[and],they} 3pl pres be ing fly {planes,[and],they}

Spellout: 3pl pres be {planes,[and],they} ing fly {planes,[and],they}

Blocked: EXT inconsistent!

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

EXT: pl pres be →→ there 3pl pres be ing {planes,[and],they} fly {planes,[and],they}

Spellout: 3pl pres be there ing {planes,[and],they} fly {planes,[and],they}

Error: Morpheme "ing" unattached!

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

Initial WS: planes flying_θ be_θ v_be:θ:pres INFL_v:pl they

INT/EXT: {C, {INFL_v:pl, {they, {v_be:θ:pres, {be_θ, {planes, {flying_θ, planes}}}}}}}

EXT: they 3pl pres be flying planes

Spellout: they are flying planes

Parse found!

S = {C, {INFL_v:pl, {they, {v_be:θ:pres, {be_θ, {planes, {flying_θ, planes}}}}}}},

L = [they,are,flying,planes] ;

INT/EXT: {C, {INFL_v:pl, {planes, {v_be:θ:pres, {be_θ, {they, {flying_θ, they}}}}}}}

Error: Case: object "they" not ACC

INT/EXT: {C, {INFL_v:pl, {{they, {flying_θ, they}}, {v_be:θ:pres, {be_θ, planes}}}}}

EXT: flying they 3pl pres be planes

Spellout: flying they are planes

Blocked: inconsistent with input!

INT/EXT: {C, {INFL_v:pl, {{planes, {flying_θ, planes}}, {v_be:θ:pres, {be_θ, they}}}}}